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You are here:- XII Informatics Practices / Introduction to Computer Network / Internet Introduction

Internet - Introduction and Services

What is Internet?

Internet is a computer-based worldwide information network. It is an example of WAN. Internet is composed of a large of smaller interconnected networks, to share information with each other and to share various resources, such as power of supercomputers and database. Internet has made it possible for people all over the world to effectively and inexpensively communicate with each other.

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History of Internet

  • Internet began with ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency) in 1969 by American Department Defence to link four cities.  

  • In 1972, there were 37 computers operating on the system. Then ARPANET get connected with the international computers.  FTP (File Transfer Protocol) was developed.

  • In 1982, the NCP/IP protocols were replaced by TCP/IP and DNS (Domain Name System introduced).

  • In 1986, NSFNet (National Science Foundation Network) formed the backbone of modern Internet.

  • In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee (British programmer) developed new language called HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and it gives the concept of World Wide Web (WWW).

  • In 1990, the older networks developed ‘gateway’ into the new system, so it reached by Internet.

  • In 1994, Web Browsers like Mosaic and Netscape had developed. In 1995 Microsoft launched a web browser Internet Explorer.

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Domain Name

  • The domain name is the unique name assigned to a website.

  • Just like every computer connected with internet has their own IP Address, every websites on Internet also have their unique IP address.

  • A domain name generally contains following parts -

    • www

    • Name describing the website purpose

    • Top level domain (TLD)  such as .com, .co,in, .net, .org, .info, .online

  • Example – www.anjeevsinghacademy.com, www.cbse.nic.in

  • The domain names are internally converted into IP addresses before communication, called domain name resolution.

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URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

protocol :// domain name / path/filename

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WWW (World Wide Web)

  • WWW stands for World Wide Web, It was proposed between 1989-91 by Tim Berners Lee.

  • The world wide web is a set of programs, standard and protocols that allows the multimedia and hypertext files to be created, displayed and linked on the Internet. In short WWW is also known as Web.

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Application / Services of WEB

  • E-mail (Electronic Mail)

  • Chat / Online Messaging / Instant Messaging

  • VoIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol) / Telephony

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E-Mail (Electronic Mail)

  • E-mail is the most widely used services on the Internet. It stands for Electronic Mail.

  • E-mail is used to send written messages between individuals or group of individuals.

  • E-mail messages are managed by E-mail servers. There are so many companies which provide the facility of E-mail :- gmail.com, yahoo.com, hotmail.com, rediffmail.com

 

E-mail Address

  • For sending and receiving e-mails, you need an e-mail address or account like xyz@gmail.com, abc123@yahoo.co.in

  • The format of E-mail is:-    username@hostname

 

Advantages of E-mail

  • Low Cost, 

  • Speed,

  • Waste reduction,

  • Ease of Use,

  • Record Maintenance

 

Limitations of E-mail

  • Hardware requirement

  • Impermanent

  • Hard to convey emotions

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Chat

Chat is the most-popular service on the Internet. Which allow to pass the text message immediately to any one. Online textual talk is call Chatting.

 

Types of Chat

  • Instant Messaging (IM) – It is a type of communications service via IM software, which allow to send private text message. Example – AOL Messanger, Facebook Messanger, Skype, WhatsAppetc.

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  • Internet Relay Chat (IRC) – IRC is not owned by a company. To use IRC, we need an IRC Client program which is connected with IRC Server.

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  • Web based Chat – It is similar to IRC, but no need of any software. It is based on website, which provide this facility. For example Yahoo Chat.

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  • ICQ – ICQ is a cross-platform messenger and VoIP client. The name ICQ derives from the English phrase "I Seek You". It offers chatting via ICQ software , can by download www.icq.com . It is used as a conferencing tool by individuals on the Net to chat, e-mail, perform file transfers, play computer games, and more. You will get an unique ICQ number.

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VoIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol) / Telephony

  • Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), also called IP telephony, is a method and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet.

  • In more common terms phone service over the Internet.

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Advantages of VoIP

  • Lower Cost.

  • Increased functionality 

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